Go 🐹

Linting

We mainly use the built in command go vet for automated code checks.

Formatting

• Use tabs with 8 tab size for indentation.
• Format the syntax using go fmt.
• Use a single empty line to break between statements to organize logical chunks of code.
• End each file with a newline.

Naming

• Use UpperCamelCase for public and lowerCamelCase for private interfaces, structs, variables and functions.

  // Bad
  type hello_world interface{}
  
  type fizz_buzz struct{}
  
  var my_array []string
  my_array := []string{}
  
  func foo_bar() {
    // some code
  }
  
  // Good
  // public
  type HelloWorld interface{}
  
  type FizzBuzz struct{}
  
  // private
  var myArray []string
  myArray := []string{}
  
  func fooBar() {
    // some code
  }
  

• Use err as a common variable name for error type.

  // Bad
  someErr := returnErrorFunc()
  
  // Good
  err := returnErrorFunc()
  

• Use lowercase with NO underscore for package names. Prefer conciseness over long names.

  // Bad
  package string_conversion
  package operatingSystem
  package documentation
  package system_log
  package io_utility
  
  // Good
  package strconv
  package os
  package doc
  package syslog
  package ioutil
  

Imports

• Organize packages in group, separated by blank line between each group.

  import (
    // Standard library packages
  
    // Internal project packages
  
    // Third-party packages
  )
  

  // Bad
  import (
    "errors"
    "nimblehq/controllers"
    "net/http"
    "github.com/fizz/buzz"
    "nimblehq/models"
    "github.com/foo/bar"
  )
  
  // Good
  import (
    "errors"
    "net/http"
  
    "nimblehq/controllers"
    "nimblehq/models"
  
    "github.com/fizz/buzz"
    "github.com/foo/bar"
  )
  

• Sort packages by alphabetical order for each group.

  // Bad
  import (
    "net/http"
    "errors"
  
    "nimblehq/models"
    "nimblehq/controllers"
  )
  
  // Good
  import (
    "errors"
    "net/http"
  
    "nimblehq/controllers"
    "nimblehq/models"
  )
  

• Use lowercase with NO underscore to rename imported packages. This is often needed to avoid package import conflicts.

  // Bad
  import (
    "errors"
    goUrl "net/url"
  
    errors_config "mypackage/config/errors"
    "mypackage/config/url"
  )
  
  // Good
  import (
    "errors"
    gourl "net/url"
  
    errorsconf "mypackage/config/errors"
    "mypackage/config/url"
  )
  

Slices

• Prefer var s []string over s := []string{} when declaring an empty slice.

Functions

• Prefer declaring the type for each parameter over declare single type for all parameters.

  // Bad
  func fooBar(num1, num2 int, str1, str2 string) {
    // Some code
  }
  
  // Good
  func fooBar(num1 int, num2 int, str1 string, str2 string) {
    // Some code
  }
  

• Prefer unnamed over named return parameters for return values.

  // Bad
  func fruit(name string) (color, taste string) {
    switch name {
    case "Banana", "Mango":
      color, taste = "Yellow", "Sweet"
    default:
      color, taste = "Unknown", "Unknown"
    }
    return
  }
  
  // Good
  func fruit(name string) (string, string) {
    var color string
    var taste string
  
    switch name {
    case "Banana", "Mango":
      color, taste = "Yellow", "Sweet"
    default:
      color, taste = "Unknown", "Unknown"
    }
    return color, taste
  }
  

• Prefer early return to avoid deep nesting.

  // Bad
  func validUser(u *User) bool {
      if u != nil {
          if u.Id != nil {
              return true
          } else {
              return false
          }
      } else {
          return false
      }
  }
  
  // Good
  func validUser(u *User) bool {
      if u == nil {
          return false
      }
        
      return u.Id != nil
  }
  

• Prefer one or two letter abbreviation as the receiver name in the receiver function. The receiver name should be consistent other receiver functions.

  // Bad
  func (registration *Registration) New() {
      ...
      ...
  }
    
  func (serverHandler ServerHandler) ServeHTTP(rw ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
      ...
      ...
  }
    
  // Good
  func (r *Registration) New() {
      ...
      ...
  }
    
  func (sh ServerHandler) ServeHTTP(rw ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
      ...
      ...
  }
  

Errors

• DO NOT ignore errors using _ variables if the function returns an error. Check them to make sure the function is completed.

• Prefer declare then check over inline error handling for error returning functions.

  // Bad
  if err := fooBar(); err != nil {
    // Error handling
  }
  
  // Good
  err := fooBar()
  if err != nil {
    // Error handling
  }
  

• Prefer reusing the variable err instead of assigning errors to a new variable for error handling since errors must be handled right away.

  // Bad
  func1Err := returnErrFunc1()
  if func1Err != nil {
    // Error handling
  }
  
  func2Err := returnErrFunc2()
  if func2Err != nil {
    // Error handing
  }
  
  // Good
  err := returnErrFunc1()
  if err != nil {
    // Error handing
  }
  
  err = returnErrFunc2()
  if err != nil {
    // Error handing
  }
  

• DO NOT use panic for handling normal errors. Use error and multiple return values.

Testing

• Any test file must have a _test.go suffix as the go test command automatically executes any file with names that match the file pattern *_test.go.

• Prefer adding _test suffix to the package name for any test package instead of using the same name as the original package. This naming keeps in sync the file name with the package name.

  // controllers/foo.go
  package controllers
  
  // Bad
  // controllers/foo_test.go
  package controllers
  
  // Good
  // controllers/foo_test.go
  package controllers_test
  

• Any test function must have a Test prefix as the go test command automatically executes any function that match following pattern.

  func TestXxx(*testing.T) {
    // Testing code
  }